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// 1-channel LoRa Gateway for ESP8266 and ESP32
// Copyright (c) 2016-2020 Maarten Westenberg version for ESP8266
//
// based on work done by Thomas Telkamp for Raspberry PI 1ch gateway
// and many others.
//
// All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
// are made available under the terms of the MIT License
// which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
// https://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
//
// NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND IS PROVIDED
//
// Author: Maarten Westenberg (mw12554@hotmail.com)
//
// _udpSemtech.ino: This file contains the UDP specific code enabling to receive
// and transmit packages/messages to the server usig Semtech protocol.
// ========================================================================================
// Also referred to as Semtech code
#if defined(_UDPROUTER)
// If _UDPROUTER is defined, _TTNROUTER should NOT be defined. So...
#if defined(_TTNROUTER)
#error "Please make sure that either _UDPROUTER or _TTNROUTER are defined but not both"
#endif
// The following functions ae defined in this module:
// int readUdp(int Packetsize)
// int sendUdp(IPAddress server, int port, uint8_t *msg, uint16_t length)
// bool connectUdp();
// void pullData();
// void sendstat();
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// connectUdp()
// connect to UDP (which is a local thing, after all UDP
// connections do not exist.
// Parameters:
// <None>
// Returns
// Boollean indicating success or not
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool connectUdp()
{
bool ret = false;
unsigned int localPort = _LOCUDPPORT; // To listen to return messages from WiFi
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (debug>=1) {
mPrint("Local UDP port=" + String(localPort));
}
# endif //_MONITOR
if (Udp.begin(localPort) == 1) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (debug>=1) {
mPrint("UDP Connection successful");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
ret = true;
}
else{
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (debug>=0) {
mPrint("Connection failed");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
}
return(ret);
}// connectUdp
// ----------------------------------- DOWN -----------------------------------
//
// readUdp()
// Read DOWN a package from UDP socket, can come from any server
// Messages are received when server responds to gateway requests from LoRa nodes
// (e.g. JOIN requests etc.) or when server has downstream data.
// We respond only to the server that sents us a message!
//
// Note: So normally we can forget here about codes that do upstream
//
// Parameters:
// Packetsize: size of the buffer to read, as read by loop() calling function
//
// Byte 0: Contains Protocol Version
// Byte 1+2: Contain Token
// Byte 3: Contains PULL_RESP or other identifier
// Byte 4 > Contains payload (or Gateway EUI 8 bytes first)
//
// Returns:
// -1 or false if not read
// Or number of characters read if success
//
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int readUdp(int packetSize)
{
uint8_t buff[32]; // General buffer to use for UDP, set to 32
uint8_t buff_down[RX_BUFF_SIZE]; // Buffer for downstream
// Make sure we are connected over WiFI
if (WlanConnect(10) < 0) { // MMM 200316 Every call contains yield()
# if _MONITOR>=1
mPrint("Dwn readUdp:: ERROR connecting to WLAN");
# endif //_MONITOR
Udp.flush();
return(-1);
}
//yield(); // MMM 200320 Clear buffer in kernel (?)
if (packetSize > RX_BUFF_SIZE) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
mPrint("Dwn readUdp:: ERROR package of size: " + String(packetSize));
# endif //_MONITOR
Udp.flush();
return(-1);
}
//yield(); // MMM 200406
// We assume here that we know the originator of the message.
// In practice however this can be any sender!
if (Udp.read(buff_down, packetSize) < packetSize) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
mPrint("Dwn readUdp:: Reading less chars");
# endif //_MONITOR
return(-1);
}
yield(); // MMM 200406
// Remote Address should be known
IPAddress remoteIpNo = Udp.remoteIP();
// Remote port is either of the remote TTN server or from NTP server (=123)
unsigned int remotePortNo = Udp.remotePort();
if (remotePortNo == 123) { // NTP message arriving, not expected
// This is an NTP message arriving
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (debug>=0) {
mPrint("Dwn readUdp:: NTP msg rcvd");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
gwayConfig.ntpErr++;
gwayConfig.ntpErrTime = now();
Udp.flush(); // MMM 200326 Clear buffer when time response arrives (error)
return(0);
}
// If it is not NTP it must be a LoRa message for gateway or node
else {
uint8_t *data = (uint8_t *) ((uint8_t *)buff_down + 4);
//uint8_t protocol= buff_down[0];
//uint16_t token= buff_down[2]*256 + buff_down[1];
uint8_t ident= buff_down[3];
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ((debug>=2) && (pdebug & P_TX)) {
mPrint("Dwn readUdp:: message ident="+String(ident));
}
# endif //_MONITOR
// now parse the message type from the server (if any)
switch (ident) {
// This message is used by the gateway to send sensor data UP to server.
// As this function is used for downstream only, this option
// will never be selected but is included as a reference only
// Para 5.2.1, Semtech Gateway to Server Interface document
case PKT_PUSH_DATA: // 0x00 UP
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (debug>=1) {
mPrint("Dwn PKT_PUSH_DATA:: size "+String(packetSize)+" From "+String(remoteIpNo.toString()));
}
# endif //_MONITOR
//Udp.flush();
break;
// This message is sent DOWN by the server to acknowledge receipt of a
// (sensor) PKT_PUSH_DATA message sent with the code above.
// Para 5.2.2, Semtech Gateway to Server Interface document
case PKT_PUSH_ACK: // 0x01 DOWN
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ((debug>=2) && (pdebug & P_TX)) {
mPrint("Dwn PKT_PUSH_ACK:: size="+String(packetSize)+", From "+String(remoteIpNo.toString()));
}
# endif //_MONITOR
//Udp.flush();
break;
// PULL DATA message
// This is a request/UP message and will not be executed by this function.
// We have it here as a description only.
// Para 5.2.3, Semtech Gateway to Server Interface document
case PKT_PULL_DATA: // 0x02 UP
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ((debug>=1) && (pdebug & P_RX)) {
mPrint("Dwn readUdp:: PKT_PULL_DATA");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
Udp.flush(); // MMM 200419 Added
break;
// PULL_ACK message
// This is the response to PKT_PULL_DATA message
// Para 5.2.4, Semtech Gateway to Server Interface document
// With this ACK, the server confirms the gateway that the route is open
// for further PULL_RESP messages from the server (to the device)
// The server sends a PULL_ACK to confirm PULL_DATA receipt, no response is needed
//
// Byte 0 contains Protocol Version == 2
// Byte 1-2 Random Token
// Byte 3 PULL_ACK ident == 0x04
//
case PKT_PULL_ACK: // 0x04 DOWN
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ((debug>=2) && (pdebug & P_TX)) {
String response="Dwn readUdp PKT_PULL_ACK: micr=";
printInt(micros(), response);
response += ", size="+String(packetSize)+" From ";
printIP(remoteIpNo,'.',response);
response += ", port " +String(remotePortNo);
mPrint(response);
if (debug>=2) {
Serial.print(F(", data: "));
for (int i=0; i<packetSize; i++) {
Serial.print(buff_down[i],HEX);
Serial.print(':');
}
Serial.println();
}
}
# endif //_MONITOR
yield();
Udp.flush(); // MMM 200419
break;
// This message type is used to confirm OTAA message to the node,
// but this message format will also be used for other downstream communication
// It's length shall not exceed 1000 Octets. This is:
// RECEIVE_DELAY1 1 s
// RECEIVE_DELAY2 2 s (is RECEIVE_DELAY1+1)
// JOIN_ACCEPT_DELAY1 5 s
// JOIN_ACCEPT_DELAY2 6 s
// Para 5.2.5, Semtech Gateway to Server Interface document
//
case PKT_PULL_RESP: // 0x03 DOWN
// Define when we start with the response to node
# ifdef _PROFILER
if ((debug>=1) && (pdebug & P_TX)) {
mPrint("Dwn PKT_PULL_RESP:: sendPacket: micros="+String(micros() ));
}
# endif //_PROFILER
// Send to the LoRa Node first (timing) and then do reporting to _Monitor
_state=S_TX;
sendTime = micros(); // record when we started sending the message
// Send the package DOWN to the sensor
// We just read the packet from the Network Server and it is formatted
// as described in the specs.
if (sendPacket(data, packetSize-4) < 0) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (debug>=0) {
mPrint("Dwn readUdp:: ERROR: PKT_PULL_RESP sendPacket failed");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
Udp.flush();
return(-1);
}
// We need a timeout for this case. In case there does not come an interrupt,
// then there will not be a TXDONE but probably another CDDONE/CDDETD before
// we have a timeout in the main program (Keep Alive)
loraWait(&LoraDown);
// Set state to transmit
// Clear interrupt flags and masks
writeRegister(REG_IRQ_FLAGS_MASK, (uint8_t) 0x00); // MMM 200407 Reset
writeRegister(REG_IRQ_FLAGS, (uint8_t) 0xFF); // reset interrupt flags
// Initiate the transmission of the buffer
// (We normally react on ALL interrupts if we are in TX state)
txLoraModem(&LoraDown);
// wait extra delay out. The delayMicroseconds timer is accurate until 16383 uSec.
# ifdef _PROFILER
if ((debug>=1) && (pdebug & P_TX))
{
String response = "Dwn PKT_PULL_RESP:: txLoraModem done: ";
printDwn(&LoraDown, response);
mPrint(response);
}
# endif //_PROFILER
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (( debug>=2 ) && ( pdebug & P_TX )) {
uint8_t flags = readRegister(REG_IRQ_FLAGS);
uint8_t mask = readRegister(REG_IRQ_FLAGS_MASK);
uint8_t intr = flags & ( ~ mask );
String response="Dwn txLoraModem fini:: ";
mStat(intr, response);
mPrint(response);
response = "Dwn readUdp:: PKT_PULL_RESP from IP="+String(remoteIpNo.toString())
+", micros=" + String(micros())
+", wait=";
if (sendTime < micros()) {
response += String(micros() - sendTime) ;
}
else {
response += "-" + String(sendTime - micros()) ;
};
mPrint(response);
}
# endif //_MONITOR
// After filling the buffer we only react on TXDONE interrupt
// So, more or less start at the "case TXDONE:"
_state=S_TXDONE;
_event=1; // Or remove the break below
// No break!!
// This is the response to the PKT_PULL_RESP message by the sensor device
// it is sent by the gateway UP to the server to confirm the PULL_RESP message.
//
case PKT_TX_ACK: // Message id: 0x05 UP
if (buff_down[0]== 1) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ((debug>=1) && (pdebug & P_TX)) {
mPrint("UP readUdp:: PKT_TX_ACK: protocol version 1");
data = buff_down + 4;
data[packetSize] = 0;
}
# endif
break; // return
}
# ifdef _PROFILER
if ((debug>=1) && (pdebug & P_TX)) {
mPrint("UP readUDP:: TX_ACK protocol version 2+");
}
# endif //_PROFILER
// Now respond with an PKT_TX_ACK; UP
// Byte 3 is 0x05; see para 5.2.6 of spec
buff[0]= buff_down[0]; // As read from the Network Server
buff[1]= buff_down[1]; // Token 1
buff[2]= buff_down[2]; // Token 2
buff[3]= PKT_TX_ACK; // ident == 0x05;
buff[4]= MAC_array[0];
buff[5]= MAC_array[1];
buff[6]= MAC_array[2];
buff[7]= 0xFF;
buff[8]= 0xFF;
buff[9]= MAC_array[3];
buff[10]=MAC_array[4];
buff[11]=MAC_array[5];
buff[12]=0; // Not error means "\0"
// If it is an error, please look at para 6.1.2
yield();
// Only send the PKT_PULL_ACK to the UDP socket that just sent the data!!!
Udp.beginPacket(remoteIpNo, remotePortNo);
if (Udp.write((unsigned char *)buff, 12) != 12) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (debug>=0) {
mPrint("UP readUdp:: ERROR: PKT_PULL_ACK write");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
}
else {
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ((debug>=0) && (pdebug & P_TX)) {
mPrint("UP readUdp:: PKT_TX_ACK: micros="+String(micros()));
}
# endif //_MONITOR
}
if (!Udp.endPacket()) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ((debug>=0) && (pdebug & P_TX)) {
mPrint("UP readUdp:: PKT_PULL_DATALL: ERROR Udp.endPacket");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
}
yield();
// ONLY NOW WE START TO MONITOR THE PKT_PULL_RESP MESSAGE.
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ((debug>=1) && (pdebug & P_TX)) {
data = buff_down + 4;
data[packetSize] = 0;
mPrint("Dwn readUdp:: PKT_PULL_RESP: size="+String(packetSize)+", data="+String((char *)data));
}
# endif //_MONITOR
break;
default:
# if _GATEWAYMGT==1
// For simplicity, we send the first 4 bytes too
gateway_mgt(packetSize, buff_down);
else
# endif
# if _MONITOR>=1
mPrint(", ERROR ident not recognized="+String(ident));
# endif //_MONITOR
break;
}
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (debug>=2) {
String response= "Dwn readUdp:: ret="+String(packetSize)+", data=";
for (int i=0; i<packetSize; i++) {
response+= String(buff_down[i]) + " ";
}
mPrint(response);
}
# endif //_MONITOR
// For downstream messages
return packetSize;
}
}//readUdp
// ----------------------------------- UP -------------------------------------
//
// sendUdp()
// Send UP an UDP/DGRAM message to the MQTT server
// If we send to more than one host (not sure why) then we need to set sockaddr
// before sending.
// Parameters:
// IPAddress
// port
// msg *
// length (of msg)
// return values:
// 0: Error
// 1: Success
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int sendUdp(IPAddress server, int port, uint8_t *msg, uint16_t length)
{
// Check whether we are conected to Wifi and the internet
if (WlanConnect(3) < 0) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ( pdebug & P_MAIN ) {
mPrint("sendUdp: ERROR not connected to WiFi");
}
# endif //_MONITOR // MMM 200426 We removed yield()
Udp.flush();
return(0);
}
//yield(); // MMM 200327 yield not necessary
//send the update
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (( debug>=2 ) && ( pdebug & P_MAIN )) {
mPrint("sendUdp: WlanConnect connected to="+WiFi.SSID()+". Server IP="+ String(WiFi.localIP().toString()) );
}
# endif //_MONITOR
if (!Udp.beginPacket(server, (int) port)) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ( debug>=0 ) {
mPrint("M sendUdp:: ERROR Udp.beginPacket");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
return(0);
}
yield(); // MMM 200316 May not be necessary
if (Udp.write((unsigned char *)msg, length) != length) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
if ( debug>=0 ) {
mPrint("sendUdp:: ERROR Udp write");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
Udp.endPacket(); // Close UDP
return(0); // Return error
}
yield();
if (!Udp.endPacket()) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (debug>=0) {
mPrint("sendUdp:: ERROR Udp.endPacket");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
return(0);
}
return(1);
}//sendUDP
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// pullData()
// Send UDP periodic Pull_DATA message UP to server to keepalive the connection
// and to invite the server to send downstream messages when these are available
// *2, par. 5.2
// - Protocol Version (1 byte)
// - Random Token (2 bytes)
// - PULL_DATA identifier (1 byte) = 0x02
// - Gateway unique identifier (8 bytes) = MAC address
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void pullData()
{
uint8_t pullDataReq[12]; // status report as a JSON object
int pullIndex=0;
uint8_t token_h = (uint8_t)rand(); // random token
uint8_t token_l = (uint8_t)rand(); // random token
// pre-fill the data buffer with fixed fields
pullDataReq[0] = PROTOCOL_VERSION; // 0x01
pullDataReq[1] = token_h;
pullDataReq[2] = token_l;
pullDataReq[3] = PKT_PULL_DATA; // 0x02
// READ MAC ADDRESS OF ESP8266, and return unique Gateway ID consisting of MAC address and 2bytes 0xFF
pullDataReq[4] = MAC_array[0];
pullDataReq[5] = MAC_array[1];
pullDataReq[6] = MAC_array[2];
pullDataReq[7] = 0xFF;
pullDataReq[8] = 0xFF;
pullDataReq[9] = MAC_array[3];
pullDataReq[10] = MAC_array[4];
pullDataReq[11] = MAC_array[5];
//pullDataReq[12] = 0/00; // add string terminator, for safety
pullIndex = 12; // 12-byte header
//send the update
uint8_t *pullPtr;
pullPtr = pullDataReq,
#ifdef _TTNSERVER
sendUdp(ttnServer, _TTNPORT, pullDataReq, pullIndex);
yield();
#endif
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (pullPtr != pullDataReq) {
mPrint("pullPtr != pullDatReq");
}
# endif //_MONITOR
#ifdef _THINGSERVER
sendUdp(thingServer, _THINGPORT, pullDataReq, pullIndex);
#endif
#if _MONITOR>=1
if ((debug>=2) && (pdebug & P_MAIN)) {
yield();
mPrint("M PKT_PULL_DATA request, len=" + String(pullIndex) );
for (int i=0; i<pullIndex; i++) {
Serial.print(pullDataReq[i],HEX); // debug: display JSON stat
Serial.print(':');
}
Serial.println();
}
#endif // _MONITOR
return;
} // pullData()
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// sendstat()
// Send UP periodic status message to server even when we do not receive any
// data.
// Parameters:
// - <none>
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void sendstat()
{
uint8_t status_report[STATUS_SIZE]; // status report as a JSON object
char stat_timestamp[32]; //
char clat[10]={0};
char clon[10]={0};
int stat_index=0;
uint8_t token_h = (uint8_t)rand(); // random token
uint8_t token_l = (uint8_t)rand(); // random token
// pre-fill the data buffer with fixed fields
status_report[0] = PROTOCOL_VERSION; // 0x01
status_report[1] = token_h;
status_report[2] = token_l;
status_report[3] = PKT_PUSH_DATA; // 0x00
// READ MAC ADDRESS OF ESP8266, and return unique Gateway ID consisting of MAC address and 2bytes 0xFF
status_report[4] = MAC_array[0];
status_report[5] = MAC_array[1];
status_report[6] = MAC_array[2];
status_report[7] = 0xFF;
status_report[8] = 0xFF;
status_report[9] = MAC_array[3];
status_report[10] = MAC_array[4];
status_report[11] = MAC_array[5];
stat_index = 12; // 12-byte header
// XXX Using CET as the current timezone. Change to your timezone
sprintf(stat_timestamp, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d CET", year(),month(),day(),hour(),minute(),second());
//sprintf(stat_timestamp, "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d.00000000Z", year(),month(),day(),hour(),minute(),second());
ftoa(lat,clat,5); // Convert lat to char array with 5 decimals
ftoa(lon,clon,5); // As IDE CANNOT prints floats
// Build the Status message in JSON format, XXX Split this one up...
yield();
int j = snprintf((char *)(status_report + stat_index), STATUS_SIZE-stat_index,
"{\"stat\":{\"time\":\"%s\",\"lati\":%s,\"long\":%s,\"alti\":%i,\"rxnb\":%u,\"rxok\":%u,\"rxfw\":%u,\"ackr\":%u.0,\"dwnb\":%u,\"txnb\":%u,\"pfrm\":\"%s\",\"mail\":\"%s\",\"desc\":\"%s\"}}",
stat_timestamp, clat, clon, (int)alt, statc.msg_ttl, statc.msg_ok, statc.msg_down, 0, 0, 0, platform, email, description);
yield(); // Give way to the internal housekeeping of the ESP8266
stat_index += j;
status_report[stat_index] = 0; // add string terminator, for safety
# if _MONITOR>=1
if (( debug>=2 ) && ( pdebug & P_MAIN )) {
mPrint("M stat update: <"+String(stat_index)+"> "+String((char *)(status_report+12)) );
}
# endif //_MONITOR
if (stat_index > STATUS_SIZE) {
# if _MONITOR>=1
mPrint("sendstat:: ERROR buffer too big");
# endif //_MONITOR
return;
}
//send the update
# ifdef _TTNSERVER
sendUdp(ttnServer, _TTNPORT, status_report, stat_index);
# endif
# ifdef _THINGSERVER
yield();
sendUdp(thingServer, _THINGPORT, status_report, stat_index);
# endif
return;
} // sendstat()
#endif //_UDPROUTER